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Each of the V domains in immunoglobulins has ________ complementarity- determining regions.


A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The embedded peptides in MHC proteins are normally derived from breakdown products of cell metabolism.

A) True
B) False

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Immunoglobulin, TCR, and MHC proteins share structural features and have evolved by duplication and selection of primordial antigen receptors.

A) True
B) False

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The two- stage thymic selection process for selecting self- tolerant, antigen- reactive T cells results in


A) somatic hypermutation.
B) allelic exclusion.
C) clonal deletion.
D) complementarity- determining regions.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is involved in B cell selection and tolerance?


A) clonal anergy and deletion
B) clonal deletion
C) clonal anergy
D) none of the above

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The failure to develop tolerance may result in dangerous reactions to self- antigens, a condition called________ .

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Chemokines produced by activated macrophages include


A) CXL8.
B) MCP- 1.
C) CCL2.
D) all of the above.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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The target for TLR- 5 is________ .

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Class II MHC proteins have groves with


A) both open and closed ends.
B) open ends.
C) closed ends.
D) none of the above.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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B

Antibodies are insoluble proteins.

A) True
B) False

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False

Briefly describe the structure of Class I MHC proteins.

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Class I MHC proteins consist of two poly...

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After a B cell is activated, it no longer needs T cell interactions or cytokines to make antibody.

A) True
B) False

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Intercellular communication in the immune system is accomplished in many cases through


A) cytokines.
B) clonal deletion.
C) allelic exclusion.
D) all of the above.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Signal transduction pathways initiate activation of transcription through ________binding on the cell surface.

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The PAMP recognized by mannose- binding lectin (MBL) is the sugar________ , found as a repeating subunit in bacterial and fungal polysaccharides.

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mannose

________ensures that each B cell produces only one immunoglobulin.

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The chemokine CCL2


A) stimulates production of inflammatory mediators.
B) attracts basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells.
C) organizes an antigen specific immune response.
D) is all of the above.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The ________is a highly conserved amino acid sequence found in immunoglobulin, TCR, and MHC proteins.

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Which of the following proteins interact with TLR- 4?


A) heat shock proteins
B) bacterial LPS
C) both LPS and heat shock proteins
D) none of the above

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Amino acid variability is especially apparent in several________in the V domains of different immunoglobulins.

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complement...

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