Question 1

Which of the following is not a way to treat a genetic disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inhibiting a harmful biochemical reaction
B)   Adding the wild-type allele to cells expressing the mutation
C)   Restricting the substrate of a harmful biochemical reaction
D)   Replacing a mutant allele with the wild-type allele in the fertilized egg
E)   Supplying a wild-type protein that is missing due to mutationF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Which of the mutations below do you think would have the greatest effect on the activity of the mutant enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glutamate to lysine
B)   Lysine to arginine
C)   Glutamate to aspartate
D)   Leucine to isoleucine
E)   Serine to threonineF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Prions

Accepted Answer

A)   cause scrapie in sheep.
B)   are caused by abnormally folded proteins that interfere with normal brain-cell function.
C)   cause "mad cow" disease.
D)   are transmitted through the ingestion of infected tissue.
E)   All of the aboveF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

A change of glutamic acid to valine at the sixth position of the $\beta$-globin is responsible for _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A change of glutamic acid to valine...

Question 5

Stanley Prusiner received a Nobel Prize for

Accepted Answer

A)   showing that some oncogenes are transcription factors.
B)   purifying the protein responsible for TSEs and showing that no nucleic acids were involved in the infectiousness of prion diseases.
C)   discovering the protein responsible for cystic fibrosis.
D)   sequencing the human genome with shotgun sequencing.
E)   demonstrating that expanding triplet repeats are responsible for some diseases.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Among the human genome's 2.3 billion base pairs, there are about 16,000 DNA-damaging events daily. About what percentage is repaired?

Accepted Answer

A)   10 percent
B)   25 percent
C)   50 percent
D)   60 percent
E)   80 percentF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 7

Genetic markers must be polymorphic. Why is polymorphism an important characteristic of genetic markers?

Accepted Answer

A)   The various phenotypes help to identify the actual gene responsible for a genetic disease.
B)   Polymorphisms provide biochemical and physiological information about the disease.
C)   Knowledge of the gene sequence allows for identification of the protein.
D)   Radioactive labels can be added for easy identification of the disease.
E)   They can be easily visualized as bands on an electrophoresis gel.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

The DNA barcode project has the potential to

Accepted Answer

A)   track species diversity in important ecological areas.
B)   advance research in evolutionary biology.
C)   detect undesirable microbes in food.
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the aboveF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

In sickle-cell disease, one amino acid is substituted for another. This type of mutation is referred to as a _______ mutation.

Accepted Answer

A)   nonsense
B)   missense
C)   frame-shift
D)   temperature sensitive
E)   silentF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following treatments involves restricting the substrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Use of statin drugs to reduce cholesterol
B)   Giving children with PKU Lofenalac instead of formula
C)   Chemotherapy treatment with 5-fluorouracil
D)   Chemotherapy treatment with arabinocytosine
E)   Chemotherapy treatment with TaxolF) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

DNA, because it has a _______ charge, moves to the _______ end of the field in gel electrophoresis; _______ DNA molecules migrate the most quickly.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive; positive; smaller
B)   positive; positive; larger
C)   positive; negative; smaller
D)   negative; positive; larger
E)   negative; positive; smallerF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Fragile-X syndrome arises from an excessive number of triplet repeats of the sequence _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fragile-X syndrome arises from an excessive number...

Question 13

Mutations of the gene for  β\betaβ -globin

Accepted Answer

A)   are usually lethal.
B)   occur only at amino acid position 6.
C)   number in the hundreds.
D)   always result in sickling of red blood cells.
E)   can always be detected by gel electrophoresis. F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 14

Spontaneous mutations may be caused by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   a base, in its tautomer form, pairing incorrectly.
B)   deamination, causing mismatched base pairs.
C)   DNA polymerase making errors in base pairings.
D)   free radicals changing the base structure so it is unrecognizable by DNA polymerase.
E)   an occurence of nondisjunction.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Single base changes in the coding regions of proteins can cause

Accepted Answer

A)   missense mutations.
B)   nonsense mutations.
C)   frame-shift mutations.
D)   silent mutations.
E)   All of the aboveF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following is a palindromic recognition sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)   5´. . . CAATAG . . . 3´
B)   5´. . . CAATTG . . . 3´
C)   5´. . . CATTTG . . . 3´
D)   5´. . . GATTTC . . . 3´
E)   5´. . . CATCAT . . . 3´F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 17

Multifactorial (complex)  diseases

Accepted Answer

A)   are less common than single-gene diseases.
B)   involve the interaction of many genes with the environment.
C)   affect less than 1 percent of humans.
D)   involve the interactions of several mRNAs.
E)   are exemplified by sickle-cell disease.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

The reference points for gene isolation are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reference points for gene isolation are...

Question 19

Current treatments for genetic diseases include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   restricting a dietary substrate.
B)   replacing the mutant gene in all cells.
C)   alleviating the patient's symptoms.
D)   inhibiting a harmful metabolic reaction.
E)   supplying a protein that is missing.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

DNA testing by allele-specific hybridization

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot detect genetic abnormalities in heterozygotes.
B)   requires non-specific oligonucleotide probes.
C)   requires PCR to amplify the gene in question.
D)   requires that the mutation of the gene in question be in a restriction site.
E)   is less precise than RFLP analysis.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Exam 15: Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Spontaneous mutations may be caused by all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA, because it has a _______ charge, moves to the _______ end of the field in gel electrophoresis; _______ DNA molecules migrate the most quickly.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fragile-X syndrome arises from an excessive number of triplet repeats of the sequence _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a palindromic recognition sequence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the mutations below do you think would have the greatest effect on the activity of the mutant enzymes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genetic markers must be polymorphic. Why is polymorphism an important characteristic of genetic markers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a way to treat a genetic disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among the human genome's 2.3 billion base pairs, there are about 16,000 DNA-damaging events daily. About what percentage is repaired?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Multifactorial (complex) diseases

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A change of glutamic acid to valine at the sixth position of the β\betaβ -globin is responsible for _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In sickle-cell disease, one amino acid is substituted for another. This type of mutation is referred to as a _______ mutation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reference points for gene isolation are called _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stanley Prusiner received a Nobel Prize for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations of the gene for β\betaβ -globin

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following treatments involves restricting the substrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Single base changes in the coding regions of proteins can cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Current treatments for genetic diseases include all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA testing by allele-specific hybridization

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The DNA barcode project has the potential to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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DNA, because it has a ___ charge, moves to the _ end of the field in gel electrophoresis; _____ DNA molecules migrate the most quickly.

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A change of glutamic acid to valine at the sixth position of the $\beta$ -globin is responsible for _______.

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Mutations of the gene for $\beta$ -globin

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