Question 1

In a propositional network,the relations and the arguments are called nodes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Subjects are asked to read a series of statements such as "customer pays bill," "customer orders food," "customer picks up menu," and "customer looks for table." When asked to recall these items later,most subjects would probably:

Accepted Answer

A)   put about half of the events back in the order of a stereotypical restaurant script.
B)   recall the items precisely in the order first presented.
C)   put the items back in partially accurate script order,but only if asked explicitly to do so.
D)   recall only the gist of the items without regard for the order.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Dr.Brooks is interested in studying memory for pictures.He shows participants a picture of a woman in a flowered apron putting a roast into the oven.Then,after a delay,he shows them two new pictures and asks them to identify which one they have seen.Which picture are participants more likely to mistake for the original picture?

Accepted Answer

A)   a picture of the same woman putting a cake in the oven because this is a token change
B)   a picture of the same woman putting a cake in the oven because this is a type change
C)   a picture of the same women dressed differently putting a roast in the oven because this is a token change
D)   a picture of the same women dressed differently putting a roast in the oven because this is a type changeE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

What has past research taught us about the organization of facts in semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

Three main research findings are listed ...

Question 5

What is meant by embodied cognition?

Accepted Answer

•Embodied cognition refers to the notion...

Question 6

Exemplar theories hold that we store:

Accepted Answer

A)   a general representation of a category and judge instances by degree of similarity.
B)   several different instances of a category but abstract a general model for comparison purposes.
C)   a general representation of a category,but when it comes time to judge,we generate specific instances for comparison.
D)   a number of different instances of a category and judge new instances by degree of similarity.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

The _____ prefrontal region is involved in processing visual information.

Accepted Answer

A)   left
B)   right
C)   anterior
D)   posteriorE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Which concept is NOT an example of a schema?

Accepted Answer

A)   our concept of the order of letters in the alphabet
B)   our concept of what a particular ethnic group is like
C)   our concept of what is involved in going to a restaurant
D)   our concept of what a game isE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Mandler and Ritchey used pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes) to study picture memory.They found that subjects rejected changes in:

Accepted Answer

A)   token distracters more often than type distracters,demonstrating that detail was more important than meaning.
B)   type distracters more often than token distracters,demonstrating that detail was more important than meaning.
C)   type distracters more often than token distracters,demonstrating that meaning was more important than detail.
D)   both token distracters and type distracters,demonstrating that detail and meaning were equally important.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

What term in cognitive psychology is defined as "the smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion"?

Accepted Answer

A)   morpheme
B)   engram
C)   assertion
D)   propositionE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Neuroscience researchers (Warrington and Shallice,1984;Saffran and Schwartz,1994) have found that individuals with damage to their _____ lobe show deficits in their knowledge about biological categories,such as animals,fruits,and vegetables.

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal
B)   parietal
C)   temporal
D)   occipitalE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

When Bower,Black,and Turner asked subjects to judge whether various statements came from an earlier story containing some script events,they found that:

Accepted Answer

A)   most subjects persisted in reporting story detail and ignored the general outline.
B)   some subjects recalled items that were part of an event script,even though they had not been presented as part of the story.
C)   very few subjects reported the script events,preferring instead to stick with the main theme of the story.
D)   subjects were very inaccurate for the story detail but very accurate for script events.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Barsalou (1999) refers to all propositional representations as _____.This term is meant to denote the fact that all elements of representation are inherently nonperceptual.

Accepted Answer

A)   aperceptual symbol assemblages
B)   sensory agnostic networks
C)   amodal symbol systems
D)   higher-level information routinesE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Bransford and Franks showed subjects sentences such as "The rock rolled down the mountain and crushed the tiny hut" and "The rock crushed the tiny hut by the woods." Later,their subjects thought they had heard "The rock rolled down the mountain and crushed the hut beside the woods." What does this experiment show?

Accepted Answer

A)   Subjects' memory for a sentence should be modeled as a schema rather than a network.
B)   Subjects' memory for a sentence should be modeled as a network rather than a linear propositional representation.
C)   Subjects remembered the words,but not their combination.
D)   Subjects remembered the propositional units,but not their combination.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Which statement is NOT a valid conclusion based on the research done by Collins and Quillan (1969) on the structure of semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Information in semantic memory is not stored in a strictly hierarchical fashion,but rather it is organized according to the relationships between different nodes.
B)   If a fact about a concept is encountered frequently,it will be stored with that concept,even if it could be inferred from a higher-order concept.
C)   The more frequently a fact about a concept is encountered,the more strongly the fact will be associated with the concept.
D)   Inferring facts that are not directly stored with a concept takes a relatively long time.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Wanner warned some subjects,but not others,that they would have to recall a set of instructions.The results of the study showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)   warned subjects retained a nearly verbatim copy of the instructions,while unwarned subjects had very poor memory.
B)   unwarned subjects could not retain either the detail or the gist of the instructions.
C)   memory is better for changes in wording that affect meaning than for changes that affect style.
D)   memory for changes in wording is equally good,whether the changes affect meaning or style.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true about verifying facts (e.g. ,robins have skin) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   The more frequently a fact is encountered about robin,the more quickly it will be verified.
B)   It is easier to verify this general fact than a specific fact,such as robins eat worms.
C)   If the fact is not directly stored with robin,it will take longer to verify.
D)   If the fact is frequently encountered about robin,it will be directly stored with robin.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which statement is a distinction between propositions and schemas?

Accepted Answer

A)   Propositions are linearly structured;schemas are hierarchically structured.
B)   Propositions encode abstract meaning;schemas encode visual detail.
C)   Propositions encode precise assertions;schemas encode general features of objects and events.
D)   Propositions are readily forgotten;schemas are retained indefinitely.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Subjects given a verbal explanation for a type of picture called a droodle:

Accepted Answer

A)   found it more difficult to recall the pictures because the verbal code conflicted with the imagery code.
B)   were better able to recall the pictures than those who did not get a verbal explanation.
C)   had more difficulty recalling the pictures because the gist of the picture was not the same as the meaning of the verbal explanation.
D)   could recall the pictures better than those who did not receive a verbal explanation,but only at a much longer latency.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

What does the cognitive system gain through categorization?

Accepted Answer

Categorization gives us the ability to p...

Exam 5: Representation of Knowledge

In a propositional network,the relations and the arguments are called nodes.

Correct Answer
verified

Barsalou (1999) refers to all propositional representations as _____.This term is meant to denote the fact that all elements of representation are inherently nonperceptual.

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is NOT a valid conclusion based on the research done by Collins and Quillan (1969) on the structure of semantic memory?

Correct Answer
verified

What term in cognitive psychology is defined as "the smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion"?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is a distinction between propositions and schemas?

Correct Answer
verified

Mandler and Ritchey used pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes) to study picture memory.They found that subjects rejected changes in:

Correct Answer
verified

The _____ prefrontal region is involved in processing visual information.

Correct Answer
verified

Wanner warned some subjects,but not others,that they would have to recall a set of instructions.The results of the study showed that:

Correct Answer
verified

Which concept is NOT an example of a schema?

Correct Answer
verified

When Bower,Black,and Turner asked subjects to judge whether various statements came from an earlier story containing some script events,they found that:

Correct Answer
verified

Exemplar theories hold that we store:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is meant by embodied cognition?

Correct Answer
verified
•Embodied cognition refers to the notion...
View Answer

What does the cognitive system gain through categorization?

Correct Answer
verified
Categorization gives us the ability to p...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is NOT true about verifying facts (e.g. ,robins have skin) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Subjects are asked to read a series of statements such as "customer pays bill," "customer orders food," "customer picks up menu," and "customer looks for table." When asked to recall these items later,most subjects would probably:

Correct Answer
verified

Subjects given a verbal explanation for a type of picture called a droodle:

Correct Answer
verified

What has past research taught us about the organization of facts in semantic memory?

Correct Answer
verified
Three main research findings are listed ...
View Answer

Neuroscience researchers (Warrington and Shallice,1984;Saffran and Schwartz,1994) have found that individuals with damage to their _____ lobe show deficits in their knowledge about biological categories,such as animals,fruits,and vegetables.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Representation of Knowledge

In a propositional network,the relations and the arguments are called nodes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Barsalou (1999) refers to all propositional representations as _____.This term is meant to denote the fact that all elements of representation are inherently nonperceptual.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT a valid conclusion based on the research done by Collins and Quillan (1969) on the structure of semantic memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What term in cognitive psychology is defined as "the smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is a distinction between propositions and schemas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mandler and Ritchey used pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes) to study picture memory.They found that subjects rejected changes in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ prefrontal region is involved in processing visual information.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wanner warned some subjects,but not others,that they would have to recall a set of instructions.The results of the study showed that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which concept is NOT an example of a schema?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Bower,Black,and Turner asked subjects to judge whether various statements came from an earlier story containing some script events,they found that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exemplar theories hold that we store:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is meant by embodied cognition?

Correct Answerverified•Embodied cognition refers to the notion...View AnswerShow Answer

What does the cognitive system gain through categorization?

Correct AnswerverifiedCategorization gives us the ability to p...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about verifying facts (e.g. ,robins have skin) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Subjects are asked to read a series of statements such as "customer pays bill," "customer orders food," "customer picks up menu," and "customer looks for table." When asked to recall these items later,most subjects would probably:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Subjects given a verbal explanation for a type of picture called a droodle:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has past research taught us about the organization of facts in semantic memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedThree main research findings are listed ...View AnswerShow Answer

Neuroscience researchers (Warrington and Shallice,1984;Saffran and Schwartz,1994) have found that individuals with damage to their _____ lobe show deficits in their knowledge about biological categories,such as animals,fruits,and vegetables.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
•Embodied cognition refers to the notion...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Categorization gives us the ability to p...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Three main research findings are listed ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified